Graphic novels are a form of literature that combines both visual and written storytelling to create a narrative. They are often longer and more complex than traditional comic books, with a focus on character development, themes, and innovative storytelling techniques. Graphic novels cover a wide range of genres, including science fiction, fantasy, memoir, and historical fiction, and are typically published as standalone books rather than serialized in magazines. They have gained increased popularity and critical acclaim in recent years for their unique blend of visual and textual elements.